A flash can come both built into a camera, as well as an attachment that goes on top of a camera to project additional light, or to provide light when there is none.
The strength of light from a flash is measured in guide numbers. A moderate guide number (such as 28) will be adequate for many situations.
The light from an external flash can be bounced, meaning the flash head (where the light comes from) will be titled to create a softer effect. If the flash head is aimed directly at a subject, a harsh shadow effect is produced against a flat background (like a wall).
On the camera, the flash can be set to fill flash. This allows more ambient light, such as from the sun or a tungsten light bulb, to be incorporated with a photo.
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